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Meaning of statistics
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1. To understand empirical "especialized literature"
2. Critical evaluation of publications 3. Planning, realizing and evaluating our Master Thesis 4. Statistics methods are important to gain knowledge e.g.: experiments, graphics, CDA, sports |
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Descriptive statistics
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1. Frequency
2. Describe what we see 3. Average, median, modal Key Figures: relation between metric/ordinal/nominal values. Summarize and make understandable. Describe one per one a group of numbers from research study. |
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Inferential statistics
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1. Estimate - confidence intervals
2. To infer/estimate from a small group to all 3. Hypothesis testing 4. Calculation for share values and relative frequencies averages Draw conclusions and make inferences based on the numbers of a part of a population/research study but go beyond the numbers. |
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Probability Theory
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Combines descriptive and inferential
Normal and standard distribution |
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What are statistics?
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- They combine information
- Reduce content into a single number |
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Introduction principle of Characteristics
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1. Nominal data: distinguished by name: female/male
2. Ordinal data: organized by magnitude or order relation 3. Metrical data: characteristic values, which are order according to size and represent multiple values from a unit. E.g. height, weight. |
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Division of characteristics (variables)
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- Discrete: one that can adopt certain values. 1 or 2
- Continuous: one that can adopt any value on the scale of measurement that you are using. e.g.: 61,2 kilos, etc. |
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Frequency
Pi = hi/N |
N or n= whole sample numbers
p= relative frequency h= frequency |
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Visualization
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- Any kind of visual representation of information
-When doing a visualization, ask yourself: compared to what? when? where? 5 qualities: truthful, functional, beautiful, insightful, enlightening |
