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Mutations
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Any heritable chance in the DNA sequence, the source of all genetic variation.
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Achondroplasia (Dwarfism)
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1 in 15000- 40000 newborns
80% of people with Achondroplasia have average sized parents |
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Albinism
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Caused by a chance in the general responsible for melanin.
Affects 1 in 20000 worldwide |
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Sex-influenced trait
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Traits from genes not located in a sex chromosome but expressed differently in males and females
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Epistasis
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When the expresión of one gene masks or modifies the phenotype of another one
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Recessive traits can skip generations
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True
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Dominant Epistasis ratio
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12:3:1
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Recessive Epistasis ratio
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9:3:4
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Duplicative Recessive Epistasis ratio
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9:7
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Pedigree
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Diagram indicating the presence or absence of the trait in cuestión for each member of each generation
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Locus
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The location in a given chromosome where any particular gene occurs
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Matings between two carriers of a recessive trait will produce normal and affected progeny in a ratio of approximately 3:1, affecting only males
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False
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Wild-type allele
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The allele that occurs most frequently in a population, the one that de arbitrarily designate as normal
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Mendelian Postulate: Segregation
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During the formation of gametes, the paired unit factors separate randomly so that each gamete receives one or the other with equal likelihood
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Pleiotropy
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Single gene determines more than one distinct and seemingly unrelated characteristics
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Monohybrid cross
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It's made by mating true-breeding individuals from two parent strains, each exhibiting one of the two contrasting forms of the character under study
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Multifactorial inheritance
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Two genetically identical twins exhibit different phenotypes regarding a specific trait.
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Incomplete dominance
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Is observed in heterozygotes as an intermediate phenotype
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Codominance
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Is when there are two dominant alleles, resulting in both traits expressed
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Multiple alleles
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Is when three or more alleles of the same gene are found
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Phenotype
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Observable allele
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Monohybrid ratio
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3:1
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p>0.05
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No rechazas la hipótesis nula, la aceptas
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p<0.05
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Rechazas la hipótesis nula
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