Concept of Global Village, McLuhan 1964	"The globe has been contracted into a village by electric technology and the instantaneous movement of information from every quarter to every point at the same time".
What is Globalization?	Held and McGrew (2002): "Increased global interconnectedness, interdependence, and interaction among people, cultures, and civilizations".	Castells (2000): "Informational capitalism marked by knowledge creation, economic productivity, and flow o finformation and financial capital".
Whats is MEDIA Globalization?	McQuail (2010): media owned by global media companies media systems similar across the world similar news and entertainment products found globally audiences can choose media from other countries reduction in national communication sovereignty cultural homogenization and westernization	-GM Comp. -Similar MS -M of other countries -Low Sovereignty in Comm -Homo and Westernization
Driving forces of Globalization - What allows it to happen?	Culture Adverstising Politics Technology Eeconomy
Process of globalization	More competition bigger companies *higher investments
Characteristics of Globalization	1. Development of new world economic order. 2. Communications technology impacts on people. 3. Personal aspects are affected. 4. Revival of local cultural identity. 5. Globalization as a product of human inspiration 6. It wides inequilities. 7. Creation of global cosmopolitan society.	N.W.E Technology impacts People affected Local identity Inspiration Inequalities Cosmpolitan
Dependency Model Free Flow Model	Assumes major effects of globalization Assumes minimal effects of globalization	D-M FFM
Media imperialism theory	1. Promotes relations of dependency, not economic growth 2. Imbalance in media flows undermines cultural autonomy. 3. Global power of news-producing countries hinders growth of national identity. 4. Rise of cultural homogenization	Dependency, not ECO GRO Low cultural autonomy Low national identity (news) Cultural Homogenization
Re-evaluation of Globalization	1. Consideration of an active audience participation. 2. Internationalization of culture might be self-chosen. 3. Language is barrier to media invasion. 4. Internatonal media flow responds to audience demand. 5. Strong cultural identities will survive. 6. Different subcultures can exist simultaneously.	1. Active audience 2. Self choose 3. Language barrier 4. Media responds to demand 5. Strong identities 6. Subcultures can coexist.
Categories of Globalization theories Globalization as a...	Benefit Fact, but ambivalent Myth Threat Transformation process	BFMTT
BENEFIT	Wilbur Schramm	Supports MODERNIZATION THEORY, where MASS MEDIA is viewed as a TOOL FOR INFO AND DEVELOPMENT.
FACT but ambivalent (1)	Arjun Appaduari	- Increasing cultural heterogenization - Deterritorialization (spatial displacement of social relations & behaviour)
FACT but ambivalent (2)	Roland Robertson	- Glocalization - Globalization as dialectical process between homogenization and heterogenization. - Long term process that predates modernity
FACT but ambivalent (3)	John Tomlinson	- Increasing cultural heterogenization - Complex connectivity (interconnectedness) of the world - Deterritorialism
MYTH (1)	Marjorie Ferguson	- Globalization as a myth propagated by the interest. e.g. : big is better, more is better, saving planet earth, new world order
MYTH (2)	Kai Hafez	- Assumption of global public sphere lacks empirical evidence - Globalization can be used as ideological tool - Power of media regulation is in national hands
THREAT (1)	Herbert Schiller	Supports thesis of MEDIA IMPERIALISM. Traditional local cultures are destroyed by external pressures.
THREAT (2)	Immanuel Wallerstein	Established WORLD SYSTEM THEORY - Core vs. peripheral nations - Structural inequalities as result of colonialism and economic exploitation.
TRANSFORMATION (1)	Stuart Hall	-Concepts of national identity and cultural identity (hybridity). -Globalization as contradictory process? -Foreign influences seen as contribution to new cultures
TRANSFORMATION (2)	Anthony Giddens	- Modernity - Time-space-distanciation - Nation states are important - Disembedding of social systems (social relationships outside physical settings)

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