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Fallacies
Fallacies are every argument that seems to be correct and true, but in reality, is false, incorrect or both.
Generalization
It's when we assume that an universal affirmation must be true because of the evidence of some particular cases.

Example:
In Mexico have been some cases of influenza.
You are from Mexico, therefore, it’s very
plausible that you are infected.
Appeal to authority
It pretends that an argument is valid because an authority supports it.

Example:
To take my decision I must listen to those with
experience. They can’t be wrong and if I follow
their steps, I won’t be wrong either.
False cause
This fallacy starts with the mistaken identification of a cause. There are two types of this fallacy:
1. To assume that the correlation between two
facts or objects is necessarily the cause of the
other. (ex: Gera didn’t make it to school because he
had a party yesterday).
2. To believe that a given fact has only one cause,
when in reality there’s a whole chain of causes
on its origin. (ex: México is immerse in poverty
because of the influenza).
Ad hominem
This fallacy ignores the argument itself and focuses exclusively in the idea (prejudice) about a person, a group, etc.

Examples:
•Poor people is so because of laziness or conformism.
•Without a doubt Islam encourages terrorism, because Muslims are violent and full of hatred.
False dilemma
Happens when the alternatives for a given situation are not all of them. You can give two or more points of view as alternatives, but the options left aside may be better or more rational.

Example:
The woman asks for the divorce to her husband.
When he is asked by his lawyer about the causes
of such request, the husband says:“Or she wants
my money or she’s having an affair and is thinking
in getting married”
Ad populum
A fallacious argument appealing to people's opinions, likes and dislikes instead of focusing in the argument itself.

Example:
Most citizens are convinced that politicians are corrupt. Therefore, they must be corrupt.