aburrido, -a	boring
alto, -a	tall
bajo, -a	short
bonito, -a	pretty
bueno, -a	good
delgado, -a	thin
delicioso, -a	delicious
divertido, -a	fun
enfermo, -a	sick
enojado, -a	angry
famoso, -a	famous
feo, -a	ugly
flaco, -a	thin
generoso, -a	generous
gordo, -a	fat
guapo, -a	pretty, good-looking
listo, -a	ready
magnífico, -a	magnificent
malo, -a	bad
moderno, -a	modern
moreno, -a	dark-haired
necesario, -a	necessary
nuevo, -a	new
ordinario, -a	ordinary
peligroso, -a	dangerous
perezoso, -a	lazy
perfecto, -a	perfect
rico, -a	rich
rubio, -a	blond
serio, -a	serious
simpatico, simpática	nice
sincero, -a	sincere
tímido, -a	shy
todo, -a	all
viejo, -a	old
Mi primo Jaime es tímido, y mi prima Francisca es tímida también.	My cousin J is shy, and my cousin F is shy, too.
egoísta optimista pestimista alegre amable elegante excelente grande importante inteligente interesante pobre triste Ana es amable, y Pablo es amable también.	adjectives ending in -a or -e - same for both genders selfish optimistic pessimistic happy nice elegant excellent big important intelligent interesting poor sad A is nice, and P is nice, too.
cortés azul débil fácil genial puntual tropical joven popular	adj ending in consonants, same for both genders courteous blue weak easy pleasant punctual tropical young popular
español, española inglés, inglesa alemán, alemana	Spanish English German
hablador, habladora trabajador, trabajadora	talkative hard-working
alto, altos rubia, rubias interesante, interesantes fácil, fáciles trabajador, trabajadores feliz, felices joven, jóvenes	tall blond interesting easy hard-working happy young
una casa blanca dos gatos feos algunas cosas interesantes	adjectives that follow the noun - most descriptive adjectives a white house two ugly cats some interesting things
su novia francesa una compañía próspera Tenemos buenos recuerdos de su fiesta.	adj that impose limits - numbers, possessive adj, demonstrative adj, adjectives of quantity - usually precede the noun they modify his French girlfriend a successful company descriptive adjectives that emphasize qualities or inherent characteristics appear before the noun: We have good memories of her party.
uno - un coche bueno - un buen viaje malo - un mal muchacho primero - el primer acto tercero - el tercer presidente alguno - algún día ninguno - ningún hombre	these adjectives drop their final -o before a masc sg noun; alguno and ninguno add an accent to the -u when the -o is dropped one - one car good - a good trip bad - a bad boy first - the first act third - the third president some - some day no - no man
uno de tus primos grande - gran un gran profesor una gran profesora un escritorio grande una mesa ciento - cien cien hombres y cien mujeres cien mil habitantes cien millones de euros	when a preposition separates the adj from its noun, don't drop the -o: one of your cousins great, important, famous - grande becomes gran before a singular masc or fem noun: a great teacher (masc) a great teacher (fem) remains grande after the noun: a large desk a large table one hundred: ciento become cien before nouns and before numbers mil and millones 100 men and 100 women one hundred thousand inhabitants one hundred million euros
completo, -a, completamente lento, -a, lentamente rápido, rápida, rápidamente frecuente, frecuente, frecuentemente especial, especial, especialmente final, final, finalmente	to form adverb, add -mente to f sg form of an adj masc adj, fem adj, adverb completely slowly quickly frequently especially finally
con habilidad, hábilmente con paciencia, pacientemente con rapidez, rápidamente con respeto, respeuosamente	if adj is awkward, use con + noun skillfully patiently quickly respectfully
a menudo	adv. phrase: often
a veces	adv. phrase: sometimes
ahora	adv. phrase: now
al fin	adv. phrase: finally
allá	adv. phrase: there
aquí	adv. phrase: here
bastante	adv. phrase: quite, rather, enough
casi	adv. phrase: almost
cerca	adv. phrase: near
de nuevo	adv. phrase: again
de repente	adv. phrase: suddenly
de vez en cuando	adv. phrase: from time to time
demasiado	adv. phrase: too
despacio	adv. phrase: slowly
después	adv. phrase: afterward
en seguida	adv. phrase: immediately
lejos	adv. phrase: far
más	adv. phrase: more
menos	adv. phrase: less
mientra	adv. phrase: meanwhile
más tarde	adv. phrase: later
mejor	adv. phrase: better
muy	adv. phrase: very
peor	adv. phrase: worse
poco	adv. phrase: little
por supuesto	adv. phrase: of course
pronto	adv. phrase: soon
pues	adv. phrase: then
siempre	adv. phrase: always
sin embargo	adv. phrase: however, nevertheless
también	adv. phrase: too, also
tan	adv. phrase: as, so
tarde	adv. phrase: late
temprano	adv. phrase: soon, early
todavía	adv. phrase: still, yet
ya	adv. phrase: already
¿Hablas español elocuentemente? Afortunadamente, yo recibí el paquete.	placement of adverbs - generally after the verb they modify, but not always Do you speak Spanish eloquently? Fortunately, I received the package.
Dolores es tan conscienzuda como Jorge. Ella estudia tan diligentemente como él. Tú no escuchas tan atentamente como Juan.	expressing equality: tan (as) + adj, or como (as) Dolores is an conscientious as Jorge. She studies as diligently as he does. You don't listen as attentively as Juan.
Diego es más (menos) hablador que yo. Diego habla más (menos) que yo.	expressing inequality más (menos) + adj or adv + que (than) Diego is more (less) talkative than I. Diego talks more (less) than I.
Ella es la más alta de su clase. Ella prepara la paella más deliciosa del mundo. Él acepta críticas más (menos) pacientemente que los otros.	to form superlative: subj + verb + el (la, los, las) + más (menos) + adj +de She is the tallest in her class. if sentence contains a direct object, insert the noun after el (la, los, las) She prepares the best paella in the world. superlatives of adverbs aren't distinguished from their comparative forms He accepts criticism more (less) patiently than others.
bueno (buena), mejor, el (la) mejor buenos (buenas), mejores, los (las) mejores malo (mala), peor, el (la) peor malos (malas), peores, los (las) peores grande, mayor, el (la) mayor más (menos) grande, el más (menos) grande pequeño (pequeña) menor el (la) menor pequeños (-as) más (menos) pequeño (-a) el (la) más pequeño (-a) más (menos) pequeños (pequeñas) los (las) más (menos) pequeños (pequeñas)	good, better, the best bad, worse, the worst great, big - older, greater in age or status - the oldest, greatest larger (less large in size), the largest (the least large) small minor, lesser, younger in age or status the least, the youngest small (pl) smaller (less small in size) the smallest smaller (less small in size) the smallest (least small)
bien - mejor mal - peor Tomás juega al fútbal mejor que Javier. Ella concina peor que yo.	adverb - comparative form well - poorly better - worse Tomás plays soccer better than J. She cooks worse than I do.
La catedral es muy bella. La catedral es bellísima. Los edificios son muy altos. Los edificios son altísimos. La casa es grande. La casa es grandísima. Te adoro muchísimo. La torta es muy rica. La torta es riquísima. El suéter es muy largo. El suéter es larguísimo. El juez es muy sagaz. El juez es sagacísimo.	the absolute superlative add -ísimo, ísima or -ísimos, -ísimas meaning = muy + adj The cathedral is very beautiful. The buildings are very tall. Drop final vowel of an adj before adding ending: The house is very large. Use muchísimo to express very much. I adore you very much. adj ending in -co/a, -go/a, or -z change c to qu, g to gu, and z to c before adding ending The pie is very tasty. The sweater is very long. The judge is very shrewd.
a	to, at
a eso de (+time)	about (time)
a través (de)	across, through
acerca de	about
además de	besides
alrededor de	around
antes (de)	before
cerca de	near
con	with
contra	against
de	of, from, about
debajo de	beneath, under
delante de	in front of
dentro de	inside, within
desde	since
después (de)	after
detrás de	behind
durante	during
en	in, on, by
en vez de	instead of
encima de	above, on top of
enfrente de	opposite, in front of
entre	between
fuera de	outside of
hacia	toward
hasta	until
lejos de	far
por	for, by
para	for
según	according to
sin	without
sobre	over, above, on upon
A Te llamo a las tres. Vamos a la playa. Espere a la entrada. Hágalo a mano. Puede comprarlo a cien pesos. Buscamos al señor Nuñez.	to, at. use a to show: time: I'll call you at 3. movement: We're going to the beach. location: Wait at the entrance. means/manner: Do it by hand. price: You can buy it for 100 pesos. personal a: before direct object that refers to a person We are looking for Mr. Nuñez.
DE Es el coche de Julio. Soy de Panamá. Es un anillo de oro. Madrid es la captal de España. Toma un trozo de pan. No encuentro mi libro de arte. Es el más alto de todos.	of, from, about possession. It's Julio's car. origin: I'm from Panama. material: It's a gold ring. relationship: Madrid is the capital of Spain. part of a whole: She's taking a piece of bread. a subject: I can't find my art book. a superlative: He's the tallest of them all.
EN Estamos en el otoño. Está en esta calle. Está escrita en español Entran en el banco. Viajan en avión.	in, by, on time: It's (We're in) the fall. location: It's on that street. means/manner: It's written in Spanish. movement: They enter the bank. means of transport: They are traveling by plane.
HASTA Conduzca hasta el semáforo. Hasta luego.	until, to place: Drive to the traffic light. time: See you later.
PARA Salimos para Madrid. Esto es para Ud. Es para mañana. Nado para divertirme. Es un cepillo para el pelo. Para su edad, lee bien. Para mí está demasiado crudo.	for destination/place: We are leaving for Madrid. destination/person: This is for you. a future time limit: It's for tomorrow. purpose/goal: I swim to have fun. use/function: It's a hair brush. camparisons: For her age, she reads well. opinion: For me it's too rare.
POR Caminan por las calles. Lo envío por correo. Voy a hacerlo por tí. Trabajo por una hora. Duere por la tarde. La firmo por Ud. Me pagan por día	for motion/place: They walk through the streets. means/manner: I'm sending it by mail. in exchange for / substitution: I'm going to do it for you. duration of an action: I'm working for an hour. indefinite time period: He sleeps in the afternoon. on behalf of: I am signing it on your behalf. per: They pay me per day.
enviar ir mandar pregunar regresar venir volver Ven por tu libro. Regresa por tu libro. Vuelvo por tu libro.	use por to express "for" after these verbs to send to go to order, send to ask to return to come to return Come for your book. Return for your book. Come back for your book.
Van a la capital en tren.	when speaking about a means of transportation for a passenger, use "en" rather than "por" to express "by." They are going to the capital by train.
A + infinitive acostumbrarse aprender apresurarse ayudar comenzar (ie) correr decidirse dedicarse empezar (ie) enseñar ir llegar negarse (ie) obligar ponerse venir (ie)	the verbs that express beginning, motion, teaching, or learn usually take "a" before an infinitive, along with other verbs to become accustomed o to learn to to hurry up to help to to begin to to run to to decide to to devote oneself to to begin to to teach to to go to arrive to refuse to to force to to begin to come to
Los niños se apresuran a llegar a tiempo.	The children hurry to arrive on time.
DE + infinitive acabar acordarse (ue) alegarse cesar dejar olvidarse tratar	to have just to remember to to be glad to stop to stop to forget to try to
Mi mejor amiga dejó e fumar.	My best friend stopped smoking.
EN + infinitive consentir (ie) consistir convenir (ie) insistir tardar	to agree to to consist of to agree to to insist on to delay in
¿Por qué insistes en partier ahora?	Why do you insist on leaving now?
CON + infinitive contar (ue) soñar (ue)	to count on to dream of
Yo sueño con salir con él.	I am dreaming about going out with him.
no prep + infinitive deber dejar desear esperar hacer necesitar oír pensar (ie) poder (ue) preferir (ie) querer (ie) saber	to must (have to ) to allow to to want, wish to to hope to to make (have smtg done) to need to to hear to intend to to be able to to prefer to to want, to wish to to know how to
Sé tricotar.	I know how to knit.
mí - nosotros/-as ti - él - ellos ella - ellas Ud. Uds. Esta carta es para mí, no es para ella. Juego al tenis con él, no con ella. conmigo contigo ¿Puedes ir al cine conmigo? No puedo ir contigo.	prepositional pronouns me - us, polite you - him, it - them; m her, it - them; f you; polite - you; polite This letter is for me, not for her. I play tennis with him now, not with er. with me with you Can you go to the movies with me? I can't go out with you.

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