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Population
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Collection of items being statiscally analysed
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Random
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Means that something is done, chosen and without any regular pattern
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Sample
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A group of individuals selected from a population tested to provide information about it
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Random sample
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Sample in which each thing has an equal chance of being chosen
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Data
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Information about the characteristics of a group of something
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Target
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Something that you try to achieve
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Biased sample
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Sample that is not random
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Simple random sampling
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Each member the population has the same chance of being selected in the sample
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Systematic sampling
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Selecting member of the population at a regular intervals
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Convenience sampling
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That ones that are convenient for the experimenter
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Stratified and quota sampling
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Useful when the populaton can be divided into subgroups, in order to be represented fairly
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Sampling error
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Occurs when a characteristic of a sample differs from that of the whole population. Is a random error
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Measurement error
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Inaccuracies in measurement at the data collection stage
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Coverage error
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Occur when a sample does not truly reflect the population we are trying to fing info about
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Non-response error
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Occur when a large number o people selected for a survey choose NOT respond for it
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Categorical variable
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Describes a particular quality or characteristic
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Quantitative variable
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Has a numerical value it can be discrete or continous
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Discrete quantitative variable
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Takes exact numbers
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Continuous quantitative variable
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Can take any numerical value withitn a certain range
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How do we organize discrete data?
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frecuency tables
Bar graph (with gaps, in the x axis has categories) |
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How do we organize continuos data?
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Histograms (no gaps, in the x axis has number ranges)
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Range
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differences between the maximum data value and the minimun data value
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Mode
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Is the value that occurs most frequently
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Median
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Is the value that lies in the middle position whe the data is arranged in size order
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Mean
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Is the sum of all the values divided by the number of values
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Modal class
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The mode from a grouped frequency table is called the modal class
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