Unit 5

a. Strenght: it advocates for the cultivation and preservation of languages in the same way as biological species must be protected. It views the global spread of English as a threat to minority languages. Weakness: it heavily relies on the notion of what is natural and may lead to conservatism.
b. Those concepts can be acknowledged from the perspective of postcolonial performativity, and this view emphasizes individual´s agency to appropiate English and adapt it to their own benefits, for example, Nigeria has adopted and adapted English for their own needs; they chose English as a unifying force that allows intellegibility. Therefore, to understand the spread of English, we need to study the local contexts. Another example is how researchers publish their studies/papers in English because that will help them reach more audiences, they will get published more easily, basically, they exercise agency by appropiating English for their own benefit

- Colonial celebration
- Laissez Faire Liberalism
- Language ecology
- Linguistic Imperialism
- Language Right
- Post Colonial Performativity

All the other perspectives he presents lack agency. He argues in favor of the spread of English as the result of people´s resistance of colonialism and neocolonialsm, using aspects of their home languages and cultures as well as the colonial languages for multiple purposes

The spread of English should be studied contextually/locally. In many former colonies, English is official because of appropriation, such as in Nigeria, but in Israel this is not the case since the spread of english in Israel has to do with the privileged relations between the US and Israel: the US support to Israel and the strong American Jewish diaspora