Romanticism	Movement that emerged in the 18th and 19th centuries. Reaction against neoclassicism.
Main features of romanticism	The individual, rationality, imagination, emotion and spontaneity. Sensibility, primitivism, pantheism, individualism, exaltation of emotion, mysticism longing for the absolute, love for nature (deity).
Realism	Movement. 19th century. Portrayal of life with fidelity. Minute descriptions. Photographic representation. One to one correspondence between representation and the subject. Focus on the here and now, on what can be seen or heard. Focus on the upper class. Positive pov. Accurate observation and documentation.
Naturalism	Movement. Late 19th c. Accurate reproduction of speech, manners and landscapes of its world. Scientific determinism. Human beings are like animals responding to the environmental forces and internal drives over none of which they have control. Behavior is determined by blood or heredity, the environment and the historical context. Characters not capable of moral decisions. Lack free will->amoral. Writers from observers to detached experimenters. Characters victims of environmental forces and the productos of socioeconomic forces beyond their control. Human driven by fundamental urges: fear, hunger, sex.
Stream of consciousness	1. Omniscient narrator. 2. Interior monologues: a. Direct: no mediation through any narrator. Run on sentences, no punctuation, no conjugation, etc. Plunge directly through a narrator. B. Indirect: mediation through a narrator. Plunge into the character's mind but more neatly. 3. Dramatic monologue. Long monologue.
Surrealism	1920. Sought to reduce the elements of reason and logic to give expression to the unconscious. Automatic writing and hypnosis. Juxtaposition of images, free association of ideas, fragmented reality-> real/familiar images set in unfamiliar contexts. Interested in the workings of the mind when there's no restraints (dreams). Intertextuality}reliance on reader's knowledge of classics.
Baudrillard	Simulation:the generation of models of a real without origin or reality. Images precede the real to the extent that they invert the casual and logical order of the real and its reproduction.
Derrida	All meanings and truths are never absolute; on the contrary, they are always framed by specific conditions of knowledge. BINARY OPPOSITIONS: one half of the pair is always privileged as the pure one while the other is viewed as the lower. In literature it means that there is no meaning fixed resting in the text for us to discover; on the contrary, meaning is created by the reader in the act of reading.
Intertextuality	Expresses the idea that meanings are not transferred directly from writer to reader but they're mediated through codes given to the writer by other texts. 2 types of relationships: 1-it connects the author and the reader of a text. 2-it connects the text with other texts.
Historiographic metafiction	Refutes the natural or common sense methods of distinguishing between historical fact and fiction. It challenges the separation of literary and the historical. It claims that the opposition between fiction and history is no longer relevant and it also blurs the line between them. It states that both fiction and history are cultural constructs.
Metafiction	Fictional writing which self-consciously and systematically draws attention to its status as an artifact in order to pose questions about the relationship between fiction and reality. Postmodernism blurs the line between the real and the imaginary. Other characteristics: multiple endings, framed structure, critical discussion of the story within the story, dramatization of the reader, construction and deconstruction of worlds, temporal dislocation.	Fictional writing, blurs line, reality and fiction
Feminism	Ideology focusing on the equality of both sexes. In the 60s women started to reject the narrow representations of women's roles and women's consciousness in society. Patriarchy, stereotyping, sexual objectification and gender oppression.
New materialism	Matter is vibrant and lively, and its agency is at work in organic and non-organic life. Within the contemporary materialistic frame, matter is not seen as an inert, inanimate substance, or a docile object in the hands of men. Rather, matter is vibrant, vital, and alive. All non-human things are vibrant and posses various degrees of agentic capacity.	Matter, vibrant, alive, agentive. Human and nonhuman things
Symbolism	Last years of the 19th century. Express ideas and individual emotional experience by suggesting them through the use of unexplained symbols. The art or evoking an object little by little so as to reveal a mood, or conversely, the art of choosing an object and extracting from it a "state of soul". Style: recurrent use of symbolism, images, and synaesthesia.
Imagism	1909-1918. Imagist image presented an intellectual and emotional complex in an INSTANT OF TIME. (Ezra Pound) Return to the language of ordinary speech, the restriction of the length (very short) of a poem, and the confinement of the poem to a single impression or emotion. Emphasis on sharp and clear cut images of SIGHT, SOUND, SMELL AND TOUCH. (Amy Lowell) Imagist poetry avoid the intellectual and abstract and emphasizes the concrete. Abandons sentimentality and favors direct images to allusions or references.
Cubism	1907-1917. It presents natural objects as collections of geometric shapes and figures. Cubist poets attempted to take the elements of an experience, fragment them, and then arrange them so that a meaningful new synthesis, or whole, is made. The poet's pursope was not to copy external reality but to separate it into pieces and reconstruct it again into a new autonomous reality. Simultaneous graphic display and evocation of several POV towards the material. Style: juxtapositions, discontinuity and simultaneity. Visual lyricism: a correspondence between the figurative form of the printed poem and the poem itself.
Expressionism	Pre war years. Germany. Form of art which conveys something of the personal mood of the artist, a spiritual excitement, or a disturbance or agitation of the mind. Extreme subjectivity. Expressionist writers showed an urgency to convey a pathos, extreme psychological states, the depths of the human mind and its workings. The leading character in a expressionistic play often delivers long monologues in concentrated, elliptical, almost telegraphic language. Projection of the inner self, mainly their violent emotions, onto the external reality.
Expressionist stylistic devices	Distortion of setting Caricature and the grotesque Abstractions, Unrealistic atmosphere Masks and types rather than individuals.
Expressionist linguist devices	Disjointed language structure Telegraphic dialogue Syntsctical compression Condensation of juxtaposed images Symbols Allusions Autonomous metaphors.
Multidiversity	Many cultures living together. Immigrants were discriminated against even though they had the rights to be there, which made them fight for and obtain their rights which produced programs of affirmative action.
Multiculturalism	Different cultures coexisted but they didn't interact.
Neoclassicism	Put emphasis on order, balance, rationality, decorum, and restrain.
Visual lyricism (cubist literature)	A correspondence between the figurative forum of the printed poem and the poem itself.

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